在以圖形方式指示系統，過程或現象的幾種近似表示中的哪一種最真實。該圖由Karl E. Taylor於1994年發明，有助於對不同模型進行比較評估。它用於根據三個統計量，皮爾森相關係數(R)，均方根誤差(RMSE)誤差和標準差，來量化建模與觀察行為之間的對應程度。
- Nov 25 Wed 2020 11:50
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Taylor diagram
在以圖形方式指示系統，過程或現象的幾種近似表示中的哪一種最真實。該圖由Karl E. Taylor於1994年發明，有助於對不同模型進行比較評估。它用於根據三個統計量，皮爾森相關係數(R)，均方根誤差(RMSE)誤差和標準差，來量化建模與觀察行為之間的對應程度。
- Nov 24 Tue 2020 17:19
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自然對數
e的含義是單位時間內「增長的極限」；或說是。(e is the base rate of growth shared by all continually growing processes.)
e是個常數，是個無理數(無限不循環小數)，e定義有下面三種:
1. 定義下面數列的極限值為 e:
- Nov 21 Sat 2020 17:51
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「合適」的英文單字Appropriate，Suitable，Properly
Appropriate：是形容詞指「恰當」、「適當」；帶有「合理性」的意思。
Judy's outfit isn't appropriate for school.
It's not appropriate to wear bright clothes to funerals.
Judy's outfit isn't appropriate for school.
It's not appropriate to wear bright clothes to funerals.
- Nov 19 Thu 2020 17:18
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YOUTH 青春 (by Samuel Ullman)
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a body of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
- Nov 10 Tue 2020 11:07
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Journey - Don't Stop Believin' (整晚只為一笑，不顧一切賭一把)
Journey - Don't Stop Believin' (from Live in Houston 1981: The Escape Tour)
Just a small town girl livin’ in a lonely world (寂寞世界的小鎮姑娘)
She took the midnight train goin’ anywhere... (搭上沒有目的地午夜列車)
Just a city boy born and raised in South Detroit (南部城市長大的男孩)
He took the midnight train goin’ anywhere.... (也搭上沒有目的地午夜列車)
- Nov 08 Sun 2020 10:30
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多重比較 Multiple comparisons
在用 ANOVA 時，會得到一個 F-test，這個 test 只能告訴你整個 model 是否顯著 (i.e., 總體平均數不相同或不完全相同)，並不能告訴你特定的組與組之間是否有差異。有很多種方法可以比較組間的平均值是否有差異，這些方式就稱作多重比較 (multiple comparisons)
如果要作 post hoc comparisons (有人叫 posteriori test) ，有許多選擇：1) Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (又稱為 LSD)；2) Tukey’s Test；3) The Ryan Procedure (REGWQ)；4) The Scheffé Test；5) Dunnett’s test for comparing all treatments with a control。
如果要作 post hoc comparisons (有人叫 posteriori test) ，有許多選擇：1) Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (又稱為 LSD)；2) Tukey’s Test；3) The Ryan Procedure (REGWQ)；4) The Scheffé Test；5) Dunnett’s test for comparing all treatments with a control。
- Oct 25 Sun 2020 14:32
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What is the difference between lexical and semantic?
Lexical
Of or relating to the vocabulary, words, or morphemes of a language.
is something that relates to vocabulary or the words which make up a language.
Lexical features: whole word, prefix/suffix (various lengths possible), stemmed word, lemmatized word.
Lexical meaning is defined as the meaning of a base or root word without considering any prefix or suffix which may be attached.
Of or relating to the vocabulary, words, or morphemes of a language.
is something that relates to vocabulary or the words which make up a language.
Lexical features: whole word, prefix/suffix (various lengths possible), stemmed word, lemmatized word.
Lexical meaning is defined as the meaning of a base or root word without considering any prefix or suffix which may be attached.
- Oct 07 Wed 2020 12:19
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Roger Penrose 論 Why Consciousness Does Not Compute
【譯文】牛津著名的物理學家Roger Penrose爵士(2020諾貝爾物理獎得主之一)對意識的量子起源(the quantum origins of consciousness)有一個大膽，甚至稱得上是瘋狂的理論。他認為：我們必須超越神經科學，進入量子力學的神秘世界，才能解釋人們豐富的心理活動。
沒有人能了解美國麻醉醫師Stuart Hameroff提出的理論原理；但是保守的看法認為他們的理論(幾乎可以肯定)是錯誤的，然而，也物理學家Roger Penrose是如此傑出的物理學家，而使我們無感地不在乎他們所共同提的關於意識的量子起源，有可能是一個錯誤。
- Oct 04 Sun 2020 16:46
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NP-hard
P問題(polynomial problems集合)是：在多項式時間內可以找出解的決策性問題(decision problem)的集合。
NP(未定多項式)問題(non-deterministic polynomial)：尚未找到多項式時間內的演算解法，但(若提供解，則)可以在多項式時間內驗證其解正確性的問題。因為仍未知這NP問題是否存在多項式時間內的演算法，故稱non-deterministic(未定)。
NP-complete問題是：屬於NP，而且是NP問題裡面最難解決的問題。
難到什麼程度？困難到只要其中某個問題可以在P時間內解決，那麼所有的NP問題就都可以在P時間內解決了。既然所有的NP問題都能歸約成NPC問題，那麼只要任意一個NPC問題找到了一個多項式的演算法，那麼所有的NP問題都能用這個演算法解決了，NP也就等於P 了。因此，給NPC找一個多項式演算法太不可思議了。【正是NPC問題的存在，使人們相信P≠NP】。我們可以就此直觀地理解，NPC問題目前沒有多項式的有效演算法，只能用指數級甚至階乘級複雜度的搜尋。
滿足以下兩個條件的，我們都稱之為NP-Complete
(一)「問題」是一個NP問題
(二)所有的NP問題都可以(用DTM)在polynomial time內規約成為這個「問題」。
- Sep 20 Sun 2020 14:51
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DRI (Detection, Recognition & Identification) based on Johnson criteria of thermal infrared cameras
Academically, the terms are straightforward and reflect what they mean in real English:
- Detection - The ability to detect if there is some 'thing' vs nothing.
- Recognition - The ability to recognize what type of thing it is (person, animal, car, etc.)
- Identification - The ability to identify a specific individual from other people
Obviously, each level is harder and requires more detail, going from detection to recognition to identification.
- Sep 13 Sun 2020 22:26
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循環神經網路 (Recurrent Neural Network，RNN)
RNN 的基本原理
RNN makes prediction based on the hidden state in the previous timestep and current input.
- Sep 13 Sun 2020 14:26
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卷積神經網路（Convolutional Neural Networks，CNN）
卷積神經網路（Convolutional Neural Networks），CNN 也被稱為 CNNs 或 ConvNets，它是目前深度神經網路（deep neural network）領域的發展主力。CNN 在影像辨識中甚至可以超越人類辨識的精準度。
CNN是一個很直觀的演算法，CNN的概念跟人類以眼睛去辨識有模擬相似之處。先用CNN的始祖Model：LeNet ，以LeNet來介紹CNN的運作。以下是LeNet的模型架構 ( 源自Yann LeCun 1998年論文 )