【學習筆記，不為投資參考】
Goal of the project
“ RaiBlocks is designed to be a scalable instant transactions and zero fees by design cryptocurrency.”
源石幣，一種基於區塊點陣(BlockLattice)結構的新型加密貨幣，其中每個帳戶都有自己的區塊鏈，提供近乎瞬時的交易速度和無限的可擴展性。每個帳戶(即位址)都有自己的區塊鏈，允許他們非同步地更新到網路的其餘部分，從而以極小的資源開銷獲得快速的交易確認。交易記錄帳戶餘額而不是交易金額，使得系統可以在不犧牲安全性的情況下進行大幅度的資料庫修剪。
RaiBlocks的無交易手續費、暫態交易特性使其成為消費交易領域的最優加密貨幣。
RaiBlocks最初的白皮書和第一個Beta測試版本於2014年12月發布，使其成為 最早基於定向非循環圖(DAG)的加密貨幣之一。
不久之後，其他DAG加密 貨幣開始發展，最著名的是DagCoin / Byteball和IOTA。
這些基於DAG的加密貨幣打破了區塊鏈模式，提高了系統性能和安全性。
Byteball依靠由誠實的，有信譽 的，值得信賴的“證人”組成的“主鏈”達成共識。
而IOTA則 通過堆疊式交易的累計PoW達成共識。
RaiBlocks通過餘額權重對衝突交易的投票達成共識。這個共識體系提供了 更快、更確定的交易，同時保持強大的，去中心化的系 統。RaiBlocks繼續這一發展，並將自己定位為性能最高的 加密貨幣之一。
實現
目前的所有參考實現皆是通過C++實現的，並且自2014年以來一直在Github上發佈。
A. 設計特性
RaiBlocks的實現遵循本文中概述的體系結構標準。其他 規範在這裡描述。
1) 簽名演算法: RaiBlocks使用改進的ED25519橢圓曲線 演算法和Blake2b雜湊演算法處理所有的數位簽章。采用ED25519是因為其具有快速簽名、快速驗證和高安全 性的特點。
2) 雜湊演算法: 由於雜湊演算法僅用於防止網路垃圾交易， 與基於挖掘的加密貨幣相比，演算法的選擇並不那麼重要。 我們的實現使用Blake2b作為對塊內容的摘要演算法。
3) 金鑰派生功能: 在參考錢包中，金鑰通過密碼加密， 並且密碼通過金鑰派生函數饋送以防止ASIC破解。目前，Argon2是旨在創建彈性金鑰派生函數的公共競 爭中的贏家。
4) 區塊間隔: 由於每個帳戶都有自己的區塊鏈，更新可以與網路狀態非同步執行。因此不存在區塊間隔，交易可以立即廣播。
5) UDP通信協議: 我們的系統被設計為盡可能使用最少量的計算資源來無限期地運行。系統中的所有消息被設計為無狀態，並且能被容納進單個UDP資料包。這也使得具有間斷連線性的輕節點能更容易地參與到網路中，而不需要重新建立短期的TCP連接。TCP連接僅在新的節點想要大量引導區塊的時候建立。通過觀察來自其他節點的交易廣播流量，節點可以確定它的交易已由網路接收，因為它應該看到多個副本回送給自己。
B. IPv6及多播
基於無連接UDP協議的構建，使未來的實現可以使用IPv6多播來替代傳統的氾濫交易和投票廣播。這將減 少對網路頻寬的消耗，並給予運行節點帶來更多的策略靈 活性。
C. 性能
RaiBlocks網路交易時間為秒級。運行在市面固態硬碟上的當前實現可以每秒處理超過10,000筆交易，這個資料主要受限於硬碟的IO速率。
WHAT IS RAIBLOCKS?
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RaiBlocks is a trustless, low-latency cryptocurrency that utilizes a novel block-lattice architecture, where each account has its own blockchain and achieves consensus via delegated Proof of Stake voting.
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Offers feeless, instantaneous transactions, as well as unlimited scalability, making RaiBlocks ideal for peer-to-peer transactions.
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The network requires minimal resources, no high-power mining hardware, and can process high transaction throughput.
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To date, the RaiBlocks network has processed over four million transactions with an unpruned ledger size of only 1.7GB.
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For a more in-depth look at RaiBlocks, please read our whitepaper
HOW DOES RAIBLOCKS WORK?
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Unlike conventional blockchains used in many other cryptocurrencies, RaiBlocks uses a block-lattice structure. Each account has its own blockchain (account-chain), equivalent to the account's transaction/balance history. Each account-chain can only be updated by the account's owner; this allows each account-chain to be updated immediately and asynchronously to the rest of the block-lattice, resulting in quick transactions. Since blocks can only be added by each account-chain's owner, transferring funds from one account to another requires two transactions: a send transaction deducting the amount from the sender's balance and a receive transaction adding the amount to the receiving account's balance.
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Refer to sections three and four of the whitepaper for a more thorough look at how RaiBlocks’ works.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF RAIBLOCKS?
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ZERO FEES
Because the protocol is incredibly lightweight and running a node costs next to nothing, RaiBlocks transactions are processed with no fees. One transaction fits within a single UDP packet, and transactions are handled independently, eliminating any block size issue. -
INSTANTANEOUS TRANSACTION SPEED
Wallets pre-cache the anti-spam Proof of Work for the next transaction once a transaction is sent, making transactions instantaneous, as both sides have the proof of work ready to go. For ongoing transactions there may be delays, but this is intentional to prevent transaction spam. -
SCALABILITY
Transaction lookups scale with the logarithm of the data set size logNO with a tree-like structure or O1 if they are based on a hash table. To get an idea of how this scales, if it was a simple binary tree with 1,000 entries it would take 10 lookups. With 1,000,000 entries it takes 20 and 1 billion would take 30. Pruned nodes only need to keep the latest block of each account-chain, even further reducing lookup time and system resources.
WHO IS THE TEAM BEHIND RAIBLOCKS?
DEVELOPERS
- Colin LeMahieu- Core Wallet Developer, Creator of RaiBlocks
- Sergsw/byte16 - Core Wallet Contributor
- James Coxon - Services & Integration Developer
- Mica Busch - Web & Android Developer
- Zack Shapiro - iOS Developer
COMMUNITY MANAGERS
- Louis Nobleman - English, Spanish, Tagalog
- Jesus Moreno - English, Spanish
- Kedrin Welodon - English, Russian
- Gotowerdown - English, Indonesian
- Flomess - English, Italian
CAN I MINE RAIBLOCKS?
RaiBlocks is not mined and has reached its maximum supply of 133,248,290 XRB. Funds were initially distributed via a captcha-based faucet distribution system that ended in October 2017. Websites claiming to mine XRB are actually mining other cryptocurrencies, such as Monero, to trade for XRB on an exchange, and then paying out miners in XRB, leveraging RaiBlocks’ feeless transactions.
【出處】RaiBlocks白皮書
